SIX SECTIONS · TWENTY ENTRIES
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Sections

I

The Caves

Engis Spy Goyet Trou Al'Wesse Chaleux Ramioul

II

Stratigraphy

Depth is time Cave loam and the limestone floor Modern disturbance

III

The Flint

The Levallois core Striking and platform Blades and the Upper Palaeolithic

IV

The Finds

The first Neanderthal Fauna and environment

V

The Excavators

Philippe-Charles Schmerling Édouard Dupont De Puydt and Lohest Julien Fraipont

VI

Dating

Radiocarbon on the Spy remains Revised attributions

Section V

The Excavators

Four entries on the people who did the work. The difference between them is not what they found but how much of the context they wrote down.

01Philippe-Charles SchmerlingHe dug the Meuse caves in the 1820s and 1830s and published what he found, decades before the framework existed to explain it.
02Édouard DupontHe cleared cave after cave in the Lesse valley from the 1860s, at speed and in quantity, for a national collection.
03De Puydt and LohestAt Spy in 1886 they recorded the layer each find came from, which is why their excavation settled an argument that earlier ones could not.
04Julien FraipontHe described the Spy material anatomically, and his account is what turned the finds into an argument the field could not ignore.

Ramioul

The caves of the middle Meuse and the Palaeolithic evidence excavated from them.

Sections I–III

I — The Caves
II — Stratigraphy
III — The Flint

Sections IV–VI

IV — The Finds
V — The Excavators
VI — Dating

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